Basic Concepts of Division
Division is
nothing but equal sharing in groups. When something is grouped or divided
equally, it is called as equal sharing.
Rohan has 12
candies. He wants to share them equally amongst his 4 friends. He distributes
them one by one. He gives 1 candy to each of them.
Rohan is
left with 8 candies. He gives 1 more candy to each of them.
Now, Rohan is
left with 4 candies. He again gives 1 candy to each of his 4 friends.
Now, he is
left with no candies or zero candies.
Each of his
friends gets 3 candies. We write this as 12 divided by 4 is equal to 3.
It can also
be written as:
12 ÷ 4 = 3
‘÷’ is the sign for division.
Dividend,
Divisor, Quotient and Remainder
The number
which is to be divided is called dividend.
The number
that divides the dividend is called the divisor.
The result
is called the quotient.
The
leftover, if any, is called the remainder.
Division
Using Multiplication Tables
We can
divide a number by another number using multiplication tables.
Suppose 18 ÷
3 = ________
Here, we
have to divide 18 by 3.
Read the
table of 3 till you get 18. Three sixes are 18.
Therefore, 18
÷ 3 = 6
Division
Facts using Multiplication Facts
|
Multiplication Facts |
Division Facts |
|
5 × 3 = 15 3 × 5 = 15 |
15 ÷ 3 = 5 15 ÷ 5 = 3 |
|
4 × 6 = 24 6 × 4 = 24 |
24 ÷ 6 = 4 24 ÷ 4 = 6 |
|
2 × 7 = 14 7 × 2 = 14 |
14 ÷ 7 = 2 14 ÷ 2 = 7 |
|
8 × 5 = 40 5 × 8 = 40 |
40 ÷ 5 = 8 40 ÷ 8 = 5 |
Division
by 1 and the Number Itself
1. When a
number is divided by 1, the quotient is the number itself.
Examples:
7 ÷ 1 = 7; 5 ÷ 1 =
5; 12 ÷ 1 = 12; 8 ÷ 1 = 8
2. When a
number is divided by itself, the quotient is always 1.
Examples:
7 ÷ 7 = 1; 9 ÷ 9 =
1; 4 ÷ 4 = 1; 8 ÷ 8 = 1
Division
of a 2-digit Number b y a 1-digit Number
Example: Divide 12 by 2.
Solution:
Step 1:
Write 12 ÷ 2 as given.
Step 2:
Recall the multiplication table of 2.
2 × 1 = 2; 2
× 2 = 4; 2 × 3 = 6; 2 × 4 = 8; 2 × 5 = 10; 2 × 6 = 12
Step 3: Stop
when you reach 12.
Step 4:
Write 12 below 12, and subtract. Quotient = 6
Division
of a 2-digit Number with Remainder
Example: Divide 17 by 3.
Solution:
Step 1:
Arrange the numbers as given.
Step 2:
Recall the multiplication table of 3.
3 × 1 = 3; 3
× 2 = 6; 3 × 3 = 9; 3 × 4 = 12; 3 × 5 = 15; 3 × 6 = 18
Step 3: 3 ×
6 = 18; it is more than the given dividend, so take 5 × 3 = 15 and subtract.
Step 4:
Here, the quotient is 5 and the left-over number is remainder.
So,
remainder = 2.
Division
of a 2-digit Number with Regrouping
Example: Divide 56 by 4.
Solution:
Step 1:
Divide 5 tens by 4, as 4 × 1 = 4
4 goes into
5 once.
Write 1 in
the quotient in the tens column and 4 below 5.
Subtract, 5
– 4 = 1
Step 2:
Bring down 6 ones. Now we have 1 ten and 6 ones = 16 ones.
4 goes into
16, exactly four times.
Write 4 in
the quotient in the ones column.
Here, the
quotient is 14 and the remainder is 0.
Word
Problems
Example
1: Nisha has 8
roses. She wants to put them equally into 2 vases. How many roses will there be
in each vase?
Solution:
Here, we
need to divide 8 by 2.
8 ÷ 2 = 4
There will
be 4 roses in each vase.
Example
2: Aryan has 15
pencils. He wants to distribute the pencils in 5 of his friends. How many pencils
will each of his friend get?
Solution:
Here, we
need to divide 15 by 5.
15 ÷ 5 = 3
Each of his
friend will get 3 pencils.
Class
2 Division Test
Maths
Quiz for Class 2 Division
Class
2 Division Worksheet