Introduction to Multiplication
Suppose we
have 3 groups of mangoes with 2 mangoes in each group.
Adding them
repeatedly, we get 2 + 2 + 2 = 6.
Repeated
addition is called multiplication.
‘×’ is the sign of multiplication. We express this
as 3 × 2 = 6.
The number
to be multiplied is called the multiplicand.
The number
that the multiplicand is multiplied by is called the multiplier.
The answer
to a multiplication sum is called the product.
Multiplication by Repeated Addition
There are 6
containers of markers. Each container has 5 markers.
How many
markers are there altogether?
Multiplication Tables
In class 1, you have learnt multiplication table up to
5. Here, you will learn multiplication tables of 2 to 15.
Multiplication Facts
1. Any
number multiplied by 1 is the number itself.
Examples: 4
× 1 = 4; 9 × 1 = 9
2. Any
number multiplied by zero is always zero.
Examples: 7
× 0 = 0; 5 × 0 = 0
3. Any
number multiplied by 2 will give an even number as the product.
Examples: 3
× 2 = 6; 9 × 2 = 18
4. Any
number multiplied by 5 will give a product ending with the digit 0 or 5.
Examples: 6
× 5 = 30; 7 × 5 = 35
5. Any
number multiplied by 10 will give a product ending with the digit 0.
Examples: 8
× 10 = 80; 5 × 10 = 50
6. The
answer of a multiplication sum remains the same even if the order of the
numbers is changed.
Examples: 7
× 3 = 3 × 7 = 21; 9 × 4 = 4 × 9 = 36
Multiplication of a 2-digit Number by a 1-digit Number
Example:
Multiply 31 by 3.
Solution:
Step 1:
Multiply the ones by 3.
Step 2:
Multiply the tens by 3.
So, 31 × 3 =
9 tens 3 ones or 93.
Multiplication
of a 3-digit Number by a 1-digit Number
Example:
Multiply 223 by 2.
Solution:
Step 1:
Multiply the ones by 2.
Step 2: Multiply
the tens by 2.
Step 3: Multiply
the hundreds by 2.
So, 223 × 2
= 446.
Multiplication by 10, 20, 30, 40, 50
If we want to multiply any number with 10, 20, 30, 40
or 50, then multiply the number with the multiplicand by removing its zero such
as with 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5. Then add zero at the end of the product obtained.
Example 1: Multiply 18 by 20.
Solution:
Step 1: First multiply 18 by 2.
18 × 2 = 36
Step 2: Now, add a zero at the extreme right end of
36, that is, 360.
So, 18 × 20 = 360
Example 2: Multiply 23 by 30.
Solution:
Step 1: First multiply 23 by 3.
23 × 3 = 69
Step 2: Now, add a zero at the extreme right end of 69,
that is, 690.
So, 23 × 30 = 690
Example 3: Multiply 14 by 40.
Solution:
Step 1: First multiply 14 by 4.
14 × 4 = 56
Step 2: Now, add a zero at the extreme right end of 56,
that is, 560.
So, 14 × 40 = 560
Example 4: Multiply 12 by 50.
Solution:
Step 1: First multiply 12 by 5.
12 × 5 = 60
Step 2: Now, add a zero at the extreme right end of 60,
that is, 600.
So, 12 × 50 = 600
Class 2 Multiplication Word Problems
Example 1: Nisha bought 5 boxes of muffins. Each box had 2
muffins. How many muffins did she buy altogether?
Solution:
Nisha bought 5 boxes of muffins.
Number of muffins in each box = 2
Total number of muffins in 5 boxes = 5 × 2
= 10
Therefore, Nisha bought 10 muffins altogether.
Example 2: There are 7 grapes in a bunch. If Aarav has 5 such
bunches, how many grapes does he have in all?
Solution:
Number of grapes in a bunch = 7
Number of bunches Aarav has = 5
Total number of grapes = 7 × 5
= 35
Thus, Aarav has 35 grapes in all.
Class 2 Multiplication Test
Maths
Quiz for Class 2 Multiplication
Class 2 Multiplication Worksheets
Multiplication Sums for Class 2